Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: signs n symptoms

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that involves problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that are developmentally inconsistent with the age of the child. 

 ADHD child finds it difficult to sit still at one place- (Representational Image only- googleimages)

अटेंशन डेफिसिट हाइपर-एक्टिव डिसऑर्डर ADHD  अर्थात ध्यान अभाव सक्रियता विकार अधिकांश बच्चों में होने वाली सामान्य समस्या है, जिसमे बच्चों की ध्यान एवं एकाग्रता प्रभावित होती हैं. ADHD एक मस्तिष्क सम्बन्धी विकार है जो बच्चों की कार्य क्षमता को प्रभावित करती है. कुछ केसेस में बच्चों में यह अतिचंचलता एवं आवेग के रूप में भी दिखाई देती है.

ADHD is a function of developmental failure in the brain circuitry that monitors inhibition and self-control. 

This loss of self-regulation impairs other important brain functions crucial for maintaining attention, including the ability to defer immediate rewards for later gain.

Brain of adhd child perceives things diferently- googleimages.com

ADHD सिर्फ एकाग्रता को प्रभावित करने वाला डिसऑर्डर नही है अपितु इस अवस्था का कारण  मस्तिष्क के उन भागों का निषेध हो जाना है जो की किसी भी क्रिया के अंतर्गत स्वयं के शरीर को नियंत्रित करते हैं. 

सेल्फ-रेगुलेशन मैकेनिज्म के इस लॉस के कारण मस्तिष्क के अन्य भागों का फंक्शन भी बिगड़ जाता है, परिणामस्वरूप व्यक्ति की ध्यान केंद्रित करने की क्षमता कम हो जाती है.

Children with ADHD typically exhibit behavior that is classified into:

Combined type (inattentive/hyperactive/impulsive)-  Children with this type of ADHD show all three symptoms. This is the most common form of ADHD.

Hyperactive/impulsive type - Children show both hyperactive and impulsive behavior, but for the most part, they are able to pay attention.

Inattentive type - Formerly called attention deficit disorder (ADD). These children are not overly active. They do not disrupt the classroom or other activities, so their symptoms might not be noticed.

Child with ADHD occupies himself in bumpy acts

ADHD बच्चों की कुछ विचित्र क्रियाएँ  इस प्रकार होती हैं: 

• निरंतर इधर-उधर घूमते रहना
• बैचेनी एवं कुलबुलाहट
• एक ही स्थान पर अधिक देर तक स्थिर नही बैठना
• बात नही सुनना
• व्याकुल रहना
• अत्यधिक बोलना/ज्यादा बातें करना
• दुसरो के कार्यो में व्यवधान उत्पन्न करना 

ध्यान-एकाग्रता की कमी के लक्षण :

adhd child has difficulty in maintaining focus n concentration specially in classroom

निर्देशों को याद रखने में परेशानी 
बात करते समय इधर-उधर देखना 
किसी भी कार्य से जल्दी बोर हो जाना 
कोई भी एक्टिविटी बीच में ही करना छोड़ देना 
किसी भी एक्टिविटी की डिटेल्स को समझ नही पाना 
बारम्बार समझने पर भी गलतियां करना 

व्यवस्थित काम नही करना 

Symptoms of problem in Attention are:

 Doesn’t pay attention to details
 Makes careless mistakes
 Has trouble staying focused; is easily distracted
 Appears not to listen when spoken to
 Has difficulty remembering things and following instructions
 Has trouble staying organized, planning ahead, and finishing projects
 Gets bored with a task before it’s completed

अतिचंचलता (हाइपर-एक्टिविटी) के लक्षण :

Hyperactive child constantly fidgets ( image- howstuffworks)

• अनावश्यक रूप से हमेशा इधर-उधर घूमना 
• खेलते समय ज्यादा शोर करना 
• बात बात में गुस्सा होना 
• चिड़चिड़ापन 
• बैचेन और व्यग्र प्रतीत होना 
• रिलैक्स नही करना 
• ज्यादा बातें करना/लगातार बोलते रहना 

Symptoms of Hyper-activity:

 Constantly fidgets and squirms

 Often leaves his or her seat in situations where sitting quietly is expected

 Moves around constantly, often runs or climbs inappropriately

 Talks excessively

 Has difficulty playing quietly or relaxing

 Is always “on the go,” as if driven by a motor

 May have a quick temper

Although toddlers and preschoolers, on occasion, may show characteristics of ADHD, some of these behaviors may be normal for their age or developmental stage. These behaviors must be exhibited to an abnormal degree to be identified as ADHD. 

Both types of children with ADHD may be less cooperative with others and less willing to wait their turn or play by the rules. Their inability to control their own behavior may lead to social isolation. Consequently, the children’s self-esteem may suffer.

Occupational Therapy helps to attain focus ( Image-SwavalambanRehab)

Multiple Therapeutic Interventions like Occupational Therapy, Sensory Integration Therapy, Special Education, Play Therapy, Behaviour Modofication Techniques,  ABA Therapy plays an integral role in attaining focus and reducing impusivity & hyperactivity in kids having ADHD.

Counseling along with Relaxation Techniques like Yoga, Meditation and engaging in different physical and cognitive workouts like cycling, soccer, board games, Art and Crraft activities, Recreational acts like Music, Dance , vocals helps in channelizing that energy in kids and persons with ADHD/ADD. 

Stay Healthy.!!

Dr. Pooja Pathak

www.swavalambanrehab.com